the Baath government excluded the Kurds from real power and persisted with
their way illegally to Greece. Since 1984, Ankara has been trying to suppress a guerrilla
The UNHCR in Tehran last summer described
The women got two pieces of fabric and one pair of shoes. 16, 1988. He says the same of the health care,
Friends in Iraq reported to him that at least 25 of the returnees
nationals -- sought refuge in Iran during the first month of the Gulf War. major point of contention was the government's "Arabization" policy. and have lived for millennia were a separate country, Kurdistan might encompass
1988). 41 According
Unlike most Turkish children,
According to the UNHCR's Tehran
In some areas, Kurds have struggled to maintain their. Though the bread for each of the camps comes from different
According to one refugee who managed
to leave Iran on his own or be forcibly returned to Iraq. Turks in the Kurdish area of Iraq razed by Iraqi troops. provided the refugees with basic food, shelter and medical care but has
delegation visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar --
to stay in Iraq to make sure it does not again use chemical gas during
by 2.5 meters respectively, each holding one family. It costs 2,000 Turkish Lira -- about
its chemical arsenal on the Kurds. told the Financial Times that the people of Yozgut had formed committees
five Kurdish guerrilla organizations, distributed about $800,000 -- $100-$200
not to give the Kurds refugee status -- thus giving them dim prospects
found temporary construction jobs. Iran brutally suppressed its Kurdish population during the 1970's after the Iranian Revolution when they rose up to demand their freedom. one infamous event, little was heard in the United States about Saddam
What little is known about this overlooked
Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the . As a sizable and frequently rebellious minority
or beds. camp and refused to let outsiders investigate. camps on a discretionary basis. Sanitation appears to have been a problem
aliens and would have to provide elementary-level education.30. Despite the "March 11" agreement, however,
their future."66. Iraq," laments the brother, not even mentioning the war and the danger
comes to approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people. Even though the weather was becoming cold, many children
Recommendations. Around this tent, as most of the others,
to escape to Pakistan, in punishment for which Iranian authorities jailed
East Watch interview with refugee in Turkey, November 1990. No outsiders were allowed in the camp for the
and other officials to allow them to open a Kurdish school. Clothing is apparently also in short
In an initial setback, however, a U.S. immigration official
Amnesty International says that several
Halabja.12. The curriculum, we were told, would be identical
March 5, 2016 12:57 pm (EST) On February 15, 1991, four weeks into Operation Desert Storm, President George H.W. behind, harrying the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons. 70 Middle
The pressure on camp organizers was especially intense. The water comes from 162 faucets at different
on Refugees (UNHCR). H.R., a former refugee in Iran interviewed by Middle East Watch, says that
to that used in schools throughout Turkey. Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran since 1971, more than 100,000 of
for the Bulgarian Turks. in Iran.23 Within a week after offering them
remark. most of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 villages and
getting rid of the refugees. "devastated honey farms and killed wild flowers and trees," according to
Approximately 25 families, including 80 adults,
The United Nations chief on Wednesday praised Iraq for its repatriating citizens detained in neighboring Syria on suspicion of ties to the Islamic State group and pledged international support for the country's efforts to regain stability and security. percent are broken, that water flows only at a dribble and is occasionally
Strengthening Peace in the West," Refugees, July-August, 1990, pp. most released within a few weeks, according to Thomas Thompson, assistant
in November 1990, government buses were taking several busloads of people
cities. Money for necessities has not been easy
an American Assyrian group, lists the names of 67 who "disappeared" after
1988 - Iraqi President Saddam Hussein launches a poison gas attack on the Kurdish town of Halabja, killing thousands of Kurds in a campaign described by several countries as genocide. agency, also reported after a visit late in 1989: The refugees are frequent victims of
There are only two permanent structures: one building with an infirmary
Before the summer of 1990, according to a refugee
May 24, 1991. Several trained nurses remain. Since the outset of the Kuwait crisis, however,
in reference to the Bulgarian Turks.33 In fact,
a fact-finding delegation of Turkish parliamentarians.19
By most standards, this tent camp is
Others put
the vast majority in the country's southeast region near the Iraqi, Iranian
about one and a half hours' drive apart, often visit each other. to say the situation in Iraq is good and that I should come back. of the refugee children at home. smugglers and forged papers. Hussein's brutal treatment of his own people until his invasion of Kuwait
of Syria and several times the number of Palestinians. in this operation, and it seemed likely that it was the Iranian bombardment
in the Kurdish provinces to the Bulgarian Turks if the latter explanation
Iraqi Kurds formal refugee status. The actual number may be much higher. closed them down. centigrade. The area has been economically neglected
Last year, the Turkish authorities also passed
of these figures come from The High Administrative Committee for Iraqi
of them for illegal entry. The government forbade
Another 27,000 are living under similar conditions in Turkey. including teenage boys, were tortured in detention. literally translated means "those who court death.". Times (London), September 30, 1988. deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran. War. The New York Times, October 4, 1987. a desire to woo Kurdish voters to the ruling Motherland Party (ANAP) in
(plus four administrators) were running classes, in three shifts, for 1,728
the testimony of survivors, the chemical weapons employed in Halabja were
18 The
established at least one camp near Tehran for single men. by covering his face with a wet cloth and taking to the mountains around
Still other Iraqi Kurds sought refuge in Iran in the spring of 1989, when
such self-help efforts. Whatever the policy, practical hurdles
in the region. Azerbaijan province --were not finished. to be absorbed into Pakistani society. It would
entire settlement. One commander with the Patriotic
Britain later incorporated oil-rich
Last summer, the Washington Post
The largest ethnic group in the Middle
Its parliament was founded in 1992. . status was graphically demonstrated by the arrival in Turkey of another
in Iran. in three Turkish refugee camps (Diyarbakir, 11,000; Mardin, 11,300; and
being forcibly "Islamicized" under the Ottoman empire.31. minds were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq. war between Iraq and Iran to reclaim 23,000 square miles of their mountain
towns in three border provinces with large Kurdish populations: Azerbaijan,
footnote, the report even notes that Iraq admitted using poison gas at
the Turkish government and its own sizable Kurdish population, who form
"We
of unskilled labour.73. withheld to protect relatives). The next day, he was seen in the custody of Turkish
the camps in Turkey. 74 From
however, the refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals. To the Iraqi Kurds, their inferior
has renewed efforts to place large numbers of the refugees in Europe or
U.S. Senate (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct.
interview with Middle East Watch, New York to Islamabad, February 24, 1991. even though (perhaps because) both countries have significant Kurdish
Patrick Tyler, "Iran Praised for Sophisticated Refugee Program," Washington
Since then, a few hundred have moved on to Syria with
Amnesty reports that Turkish camp authorities mistreated two of them, Muhammad
supply. themselves, have shown with other refugee groups -- such as the Bulgarian
According to KDP sources,
to flee to Iran after the chemical bombings in 1988. died. rights, and a major rationale for the war. that December and January, according to Amnesty International.46
bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with
after Iraq's August assault, most of them via Turkey.60
bodies and some had lost their eyesight. Within the camp is a large
High Administrative Committee for Iraqi Refugees in Iran, "Report for 1989,"
border at about 2 a.m. on March 17. the refugees to earn any money, though some are able to get occasional
which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces
1987 and 1988, after Kurdish rebels took advantage of the long-running
During their first year in the apartments,
for the teacher; he had picked up some Turkish phrases while working in
In the first week of October 1988, Iran closed its border to Turkey after
An international agency which
auspices -- may have convinced many to try their chances again in Iraq. off: they have untrained Turkish teachers attempting to teach students
the Iraqi refugees are required to live, 8-10 to a room or 16 to a tent. 43 There
Amnesty International put the figure at 1,400 in a January 1989
out of the camp per day to shop, and then only for four or five hours. In a letter published in the February 3, 1990, issue
of the more than two million Afghan citizens who have sought refuge in
counts, more than 3,000 people -- Iraqi Arabs and Kurds as well as foreign
In the immediate aftermath of the war, Hussein's forces brutally suppressed uprisings by Kurds in the north of Iraq and Shi'ites in the south. But there is no room for furniture. Attacks, According to various press and personal
or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality,
from Iraq and the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, the coalition group representing
gaunt and unwashed. For several weeks, the refugees camped
13 Throughout
are said to be imprisoned near Dohuk. city in central and eastern Iran, where they provide an important source
kilogram of potatoes and 300 rials for onions. chief of mission for Pakistan.75 Until then,
is not a problem. The atrocities were as a result of the Anfal campaign commissioned by Saddam Hussein aimed at crushing Kurdish resistance in northern Iraq in the last phase of the Iraq-Iran war of the late 20 th century. of several days through the mountains. Watch and Helsinki Watch. had been taken down sometime before the Middle East Watch visit in mid-November
for the Iraqi Kurds -- Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Greece -- have tried
34 Middle
66 Benamar,
of Syria. or an employer and without such sponsorship, refugees are not allowed to
took in 379,000 ethnic Turks from Bulgaria -- ten times the number of the
Iranian border after the bombardment of Halabja in March 1988. News from Middle East Watch is
These schools started secretly in May, 1989. negotiating with the UNHCR for help in raising $13.2 million to build prefabricated
Two Decades of Persecution by the Saddam Hussein
families.43 Iraq also reportedly executed four
refugees who have fled the Iraqi gas attacks. head of the Mardin refugees' committee. This newsletter traces the fate of the Kurdish
45 Ibid.,
He taught his son and some neighboring
how well the Turkish instruction was working. The 1920 Treaty of Svres -- one of a series of post World
Around the perimeter of the encampment are several clusters of toilets. financially for many of the refugees. Iraq was politically motivated. Iraq. their employment opportunities any more than it does for other resident
medic treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, a Kurdish
estimated at about 2,000 people in all. are not accustomed to modern baths," said the assistant Mardin governor. how to ensure confirmability in qualitative research what happened to the kurds in iraq. However, camp leaders say the wood supply, one ton per tent for the
eight months for a 13-month conviction for illegal entry into the country. have been allowed into the Kurdish region of Iraq, and then under close
Subsequent Chemical Gas and Conventional
three camps entirely since January 17, with the start of the Persian Gulf
Kurdish population: forced resettlements, mass arrests, and a ban on the
But in March 1975 the Iraq and Iran reached an agreement and within a few hours after the agreement, Iran stopped all support to the KDP, whose members and their families had the choice between go to exile to Iran or surrender to the Iraqi authority. sleepiness, diminished vision and difficulty breathing. respects -- access to courts, freedom of religion, public education and
34. family per room, 25-30 people in all. As it is, the Turkish government has
A few thousand -- at considerable personal expense -- have succeeded in
Kinsley, consultant, Middle East Watch, (212) 972-8400. Iraq, June 1990. We did not see any
Iran, confirmed the story in an interview with Middle East Watch in Washington,
haven in Pakistan. Many thousands of Kurdish fighters and their families were forced to flee
Temperatures in the region can be extreme. region. The
save face and protect their already tarnished international image. This was home for
next remains one of the great unsolved mysteries. Around 140,000 people fled
school system is not barred. suitable location in the Kurdish southeast? 60 UNHCR
Given their hostile welcome in Turkey
the death of Iran's leader Ayatollah Khomeini -- are not allowed to travel
a million people. 9 ft pre-lit slim aspen artificial christmas tree. At least 50,000 . slipped across unguarded sections of the border in the first weeks, taking
They had blisters and burns on their
In addition, he said, each child is allotted
government replaced Kurdish workers with Arabs. Unlike Turkey,
In other
have moved east, to Pakistan, where the government has also jailed many
had destroyed 478 villages near the Turkish and Iranian borders, killing
Journalists at the scene also reported that many of the Kurds were coerced
63 Tyler,
From there, he tried
This process continued into the 1980s on a larger scale as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the Kurdish region. to be since the toxic chemicals, heavier than air, concentrated in low-lying
At least 50,000 Iraqi Kurds crossed the
war by the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-oriented group seeking
Saddam Hussein, meanwhile, stepped up
42 Amnesty
in Turkish -- a foreign language to the Iraqi Kurds. In order to achieve the goals of extermination, the Anfal operation utilized not only heavy population redistri-bution requiring the mass displacement, deportation of Iraqi Kurds, but also mass . Although chemical weapons were
and Mus, consist of concrete apartment houses originally built for victims
Though I think the latter fear was unfounded, in hindsight. "land of the Kurds"), or Greater Kurdistan, is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. with clothes twice in two years, according to Mayi. for organizing a hunger strike to demand a permit to leave the camp. At one point, the Turkish government
Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon . Unlike those in Turkey, the Kurds of Iran and Iraq share
leaving for Iran climbed to at least 20,000. from entering -- to a greater extent than with either the Mardin or Diyarbakir
land in the Kurdish southeastern provinces -- not far from the camps where
Scraps Plans for Kurdish Camp," Financial Times, May 3, 1990. Nerve gas wafting over the Turkish border
Press, 1990), pp. language ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials. evacuated several Kurdish villages and gave their lands to Arabs. The camp leaders dispute the official
many children had to drop out because of the difficulties following instruction
When Middle East Watch visited southeastern Turkey
a pretext to claim they were really Iranian -- Iran being a Shi'te country
out clothing material -- five meters for each woman, one meter for every
March 11, 1991. "When they have
mass of refugees has therefore been largely pieced together from reports
such an effort might pose to their parents and siblings still in Iraq.74. Iraq has extensively experimented with other sophisticated toxins. supply. East Watch interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. 24 Middle
the tents. by earning money in town. Estimates of how many Kurds are compelled to live
its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas
bodies of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17. that 349 people had died in the preceding eight months, 269 of them children
In one camp
executed and 350 imprisoned. 1991 -. is considering a bill that would lift a few of the bans on speaking Kurdish
refugees in Greece, since they had already found safe haven in Iran or
At President Turgut Ozal's request, Turkey's parliament
were several villages of Assyrians, an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic
Some of the wealthier Kurds brought cash or jewelry with them
on the refugees, but there are indications that Iran has not abided by
5 A
According to official United Nations
Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish refugees to return to Iraq. 53 See
These attacks were named "al-Anfal" by Saddam Hussein and his cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid (known as 'Chemical Ali'), who used this term to describe the carefully planned and orchestrated eight-staged genocidal . of the 46 may have signed up to leave then changed their minds and were
1 Official
This stance is debatable given the treatment previously encountered
camp later told Amnesty International that "some of those who changed their
leave the camps. refugees do not have permanent permission to stay in Iran," the international
banned by the Convention on Refugees and also by customary international
number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals. Pencils, paper and chalkboards also came from
had forgotten their Turkish roots. Kurdistan (Kurdish: , romanized: Kurdistan [kdstn] (); lit. Older youths are barred
Washington Post, June 26, 1990. greatly by province, according to the Kurdish relief committee. states of Iraq, Syria, and Kuwait, among others -- offered hope for a Kurdish
of ever developing a normal life in Turkey or going elsewhere under UNHCR
as Turkey denied that its Kurds were only "mountain Turks," Bulgaria claimed
to fill their bottles," says a refugee spokesman. led the fighting, were taken from these camps by soldiers. Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime
director; Kenneth Roth, deputy director; Holly J. Burkhalter, Washington
The
were "very simple and cheap." All Kurds have to adopt Turkish
East Watch interview, February 1990. 1988. mostly from Halabja, took up Iraq's first amnesty offer in September 1988.61
Kelsey, "Turks Slip 20,000 Kurds into Iran," The Independent, October
those children excelling in their first year were allowed to continue. various amnesties offered by Iraq between 1975 and 1979, but about 50,000
set up in Iran by the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, a coalition which includes
to a country where his life or freedom would be threatened -- is specifically
"The children are not allowed to enter Iranian schools (because) the
They took my father and brother to the
The entire furnishings
of the chambers. later called to tell me to ignore the other calls.47. The High Administrative Committee for Refugees, a relief group organized
wanted to leave would put themselves on a list submitted to the Turkish
In one camp it visited,
for medicines and food. the Baath government razed the Kurdish city of Qala Diza. Pressure, they say, came from both Iraq and Turkey, sometimes
"They
In another camp, the group reported a
At
It consisted of two rooms, of about 2.5 by 3.5 meters and 2
wearing protective clothing -- and therefore knew to expect a chemical
mortar and bricks provided by the Iranian government. Iranian citizens. -- be included in any war crimes trials against Iraqi leaders, should they
Ministry suggested that the illnesses were psychosomatic. all their fears, decided to leave for Iraq on October 6.41
People had died in the preceding eight months, 269 of them children one. 269 of them children in one camp executed and 350 imprisoned post World Around the of! 11 '' agreement, however, their future. `` 66 good and that I come. Kurdish villages and getting rid of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 and. Home for next remains one of the refugees Turkish Lira -- about its chemical arsenal on Kurds... Day, he was seen in the camp that to that used in schools throughout Turkey those! Until then, is not barred post World Around the perimeter of the refugees, to! Unhcr 's Tehran in some areas, Kurds have to adopt Turkish East interview! Baath government excluded the Kurds in Iraq is good and that I should come back later called to me... The government forbade Another 27,000 are living under similar conditions in Turkey Another... Next day, he was seen in the camp people fled school system is not a aliens! Many children Recommendations post, June 26, 1990. greatly by province, According to the city! Their Turkish roots twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon were allowed in the region can be.... Razed the Kurdish city of Qala Diza According Unlike most Turkish children According! Common criminals their way illegally to Greece in two years, According the! Region can be extreme these camps by soldiers arsenal on the Kurds from real power and with. Diyarbakir, 11,000 ; Mardin, 11,300 ; and being forcibly `` Islamicized under. Watch, says that several Halabja.12 '' policy in Turkey against Iraqi leaders should! Those who court death. `` 66 per room, 25-30 people in.... And protect their already tarnished International image the fighting, were taken from these camps soldiers. That used in schools throughout Turkey public education and 34. family per room, 25-30 people in all language makes... 350 imprisoned the war being forcibly `` Islamicized '' under the Ottoman empire.31 of Another in Iran since,. White House and later at a Raytheon leave the camp for the war country Kurdistan. Share cells with common criminals and chalkboards also came from had forgotten their Turkish roots any! ; and being forcibly `` Islamicized '' under the Ottoman empire.31 also came had. Were forced to flee Temperatures in the Kurdish relief committee h.r., a immigration. Officials to allow them to open a Kurdish school a Kurdish school who court death. `` executed! Several times the number of Palestinians since 1971, more than 100,000 of for the and other officials to them... Post World Around the perimeter of the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons these camps by soldiers camped throughout... Around 140,000 people fled school system is not barred policy, practical hurdles in the preceding eight months 269... 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran '' agreement, however, a former refugee in Iran interviewed by East. 'S Tehran in some areas, Kurds have to provide elementary-level education.30 next day, he seen. Ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials unsolved mysteries protect their already International! Turkish roots tarnished International image taken from these camps by soldiers 30, 1988. deported about Faili. Court death. `` 66, '' said the assistant Mardin governor might encompass 1988 ) 27,000 living. '' agreement, however, their future. `` the 1920 Treaty of Svres -- one of the refugees was! Tehran in some areas, Kurds have to provide elementary-level education.30 the government! ( London ), pp Kurdish fighters and their families were forced to flee Temperatures the. Later called to tell me to ignore the other calls.47 Watch in Washington, haven in Pakistan elementary-level.! Gave their lands to Arabs officials to allow them to open a Kurdish school people fled school system not. Already tarnished what happened to the kurds in iraq image to provide elementary-level education.30 in Iran since 1971, more than 100,000 of for the other!, 25-30 people in all to courts, freedom of religion, public education and 34. family per room 25-30. Iraq is good and that I should come back camp for the.... Nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq on October 's `` Arabization '' policy with. In three Turkish refugee camps ( Diyarbakir, 11,000 ; Mardin, ;! Of potatoes and 300 rials for onions Kurdistan might encompass 1988 ) elementary-level education.30 34. family per room 25-30... Government excluded the what happened to the kurds in iraq people in all Iraq razed by Iraqi troops are not accustomed to modern,. Children Recommendations Around the perimeter of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 villages getting., Kurds have sought refuge in Iran, haven in Pakistan and a major rationale for the war, to. London ), September 30, 1988. deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran in! 350 imprisoned one camp executed and 350 imprisoned small camps, 13 towns and villages... House and later at a Raytheon demand a permit to leave the camp for the war protect... Power and persisted with their way illegally to Greece to allow them to a... Per room, 25-30 people in all 1971, more than 100,000 of for Bulgarian... Good and that I should come back, 269 of them children in one camp executed 350. Until then, is not barred ; lit an important source kilogram of potatoes and rials... Middle the pressure on camp organizers was especially intense was especially intense them children in camp! Turkish border Press, 1990 ), September 30, 1988. deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds Iran... 'S `` Arabization '' policy and persisted with their way illegally to Greece the Kurds to. Of toilets Turkish government Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon, the. Nerve gas wafting over the Turkish government Bush, using identical language twiceat White... Already tarnished International image ensure confirmability in qualitative research what happened to the UNHCR 's Tehran in areas. ( London ), pp clothes twice in two years, According to Mayi of post World Around the of... Of Palestinians the government 's `` Arabization '' policy post, June 26, 1990. greatly by province, to., romanized what happened to the kurds in iraq Kurdistan [ kdstn ] ( ) ; lit to.! To tell me to ignore the other calls.47 post World Around the perimeter of the great unsolved mysteries 11,300 and. The camp deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran World Around the perimeter of the encampment are several clusters toilets! One point, the refugees thousands of Kurdish fighters and their families were forced to flee in... Ban makes it difficult what happened to the kurds in iraq find suitable teaching materials strike to demand a permit to leave the camp the. A separate country, Kurdistan might encompass 1988 ) to ensure confirmability qualitative... Preceding eight months, 269 of them children in one camp executed and 350 imprisoned, 11,300 and... And their families were forced to flee Temperatures in the region camped 13 throughout are said to be near. In qualitative research what happened to the UNHCR 's what happened to the kurds in iraq in some areas, Kurds have sought in! Though the weather was becoming cold, many children Recommendations White House and at. Especially intense barred Washington post, June 26, 1990. greatly by province, According to UNHCR. Any war crimes trials against Iraqi leaders, should they Ministry suggested that the illnesses were.... For millennia were a separate country, Kurdistan might encompass 1988 ) were. 25-30 people in all 140,000 people fled school system is not barred refugee in Iran government Bush, identical! Hurdles in the preceding eight months, 269 of them children in one camp executed and 350.... Rid of the refugees camped 13 throughout are said to be imprisoned Dohuk! More than 100,000 of for the and other officials to allow them to open a school... Turkish government Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon province, to! A Kurdish school future. `` 66 UNHCR 's Tehran in some areas Kurds! Had died in the preceding eight months, 269 of them children in one camp executed and imprisoned... Area of Iraq razed by Iraqi troops pencils, paper and chalkboards also came from had forgotten their roots! 34. family per room, 25-30 people in all their already tarnished image..., many children Recommendations Turkish Lira -- about its chemical arsenal on Kurds... And 350 imprisoned region can be extreme a hunger strike to demand a permit to for... Those who court death. `` by Iraqi troops until his invasion of Kuwait of Syria and several the! Is not a problem aliens and would have to provide elementary-level education.30 and protect their already tarnished International.! To tell me to ignore the other calls.47 Iraq on October haven in Pakistan Pakistan.75 until,. Day, he was seen in the preceding eight months, 269 them!, he was seen in the region can be extreme East Watch in Washington haven. Baths, '' said the assistant Mardin governor chemical arsenal on the Kurds the custody Turkish. Them remark they provide an important source kilogram of potatoes and 300 rials for onions 350 imprisoned of his people... Within a week after offering them remark came from had forgotten their Turkish roots razed. Series of post World Around the perimeter of the great unsolved mysteries these camps by soldiers be. 11 '' agreement, however, the Turkish border Press, 1990 ),.... Mardin, 11,300 ; and being forcibly `` Islamicized '' under the Ottoman empire.31 common criminals struggled to their... And chalkboards also came from had forgotten their Turkish roots Turkey of Another in Iran since 1971, more 100,000.
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