The only other people living in the house were Marks, who worked as the maid, and James McDermott, the stable hand. Natalie Barelare Church is also known as Natalie Shannon Church. A sketch of Grace Marks and James McDermott as they appeared at their trial for murder in Toronto in 1843. Marks story ends, just as it beganshrouded in mystery. Alias Grace is less about finding the definitive truth than watching Grace feel her way to the answer that could save her.. Allegedly, he and Marks worked together to strangle Montgomery with a scarf. With the Netflix series attracting large viewing figures which will only increase in the months and years to come, the extraordinary story of Grace Marks has captured the imagination of another generation in another time and place. Mr. Conlan died on the same day that his brother-in-law John B. Kelly Jr. died.Upon her death, she had two daughters, eight grandchildren.Mary Lee Davis, (daughter) She eloped at age 15 and married John Paul Jones Jr., age 18. (Margaret was Princess Carolines flower girl for her wedding.) But do we know the inside story? of the murder of their employer Thomas Kinnear, who was killed along with his housekeeper and mistress Nancy Montgomery in 1843. Not long after the murders, McDermott and Marks were tracked down in Lewiston, New York and arrested. as a servant for Kinnear. Marks was one of nine siblings, not five - but her mother did die on the journey and was buried at sea. Marks confessed to murder at 16, spent nearly 30 years in prison, was pardoned, and then disappeared. But, before she is delivered to a grown Jamie Walshs farm and falls into a seemingly apathetic relationship with him, some weird shit goes down. The police were able to confirm this detail because they found a round fired stuck in the door jamb. Grace's father was a violent alcoholic and, soon after the family had set sail from Ireland, her mother died and had to be buried at sea. Some information related to Grace Marks and her trial comes from a mouthful of a document, entitled: This document opens with Marks' confession, where she claimed that she was an unwilling participant in the murder of Thomas Kinnear and Nancy Montgomery, claiming that James McDermott, Kinnear's stable hand, was responsible for the murders. This exhibition traces the unique path Grace Kelly took from Philadelphia to Monaco, inviting viewers to discover the life of Grace Kelly (1929-1982) beyond the fairy tale. via ABC. Marks, who had eight siblings, lost her mother during the crossing. McDermott and Marks were both given a death sentence; Other accounts emphasized her youth, her beauty, or her purported pliability to suggest that she was an unfortunate and vaguely stupid girl who had fallen victim to an overweening male villain. If you had to choose, then instinctively you would think because [McDermott] was the man that he was more in control, Houston tells Smithsonian.com. A very dangerous neglect as to the requiring of characters with servants prevails among us, theExaminerwrote while covering the trials in November of 1843. In the 1960s, before she became a well-known writer, Atwood read about Marks in the book Life in the Clearings Versus the Bush, a chronicle of 19th-century pioneer life by Susanna Moodie, an English emigrant to Canada. For the first time, the Grimaldi family has given access to its private archives, much of which has never been made public before, and agreed to talk us through this intimate material. Alias Grace tells the story of a young Irish servant named Grace Marks, who kills her employer and his mistress in 1843 Canada with the help of a male servant. The characters of Alias Grace all wonder if Grace really committed the horrible crimes she's accused of, but the mystery of Grace goes far beyond the murder in question. On November 3, Netflix, in conjunction with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, will release a miniseries adaptation that delves into many of the same questions as its source material: What happened on the day of the killings? Montgomery was reportedly pregnant when she was murdered. Her story is fascinating. Yet the real-life Grace remains an enigma to this day. Later in the series, when Pontelli put Marks into a trance and covered her head with a veil, someone else bubbled to the surface someone who sounded alarmingly like Mary Whitney and even identified herself as such. McDermott had previously served as a soldier in a Canadian regiment, while Marks had worked as a servant in a number of different households. Mary Whitney has a huge part to play in Alias Grace. The series is an. TheStar and Transcriptcourt summary, for instance, described McDermott as having a swarthy complexion, and a sullen, downcast, and forbidding countenance. Its portrayal of Marks was somewhat more generous. Alias Grace is now available to stream on Netflix. After his death, the hospital was renamed after him and Lexie Grey, the two fatal casualties after the plane crash. The two servants collected Kinnears and Montgomerys valuables and fled to New York where they were apprehended by Canadian police. Subsequently, Marks became consumed with the idea of releasing a persons spirit, including after Mary Whitney died due to a botched abortion. The series, and the original 1996 novel that inspired it, follows doctor Simon Jordan as he sits down with Grace Marks, who is serving a life sentence for the 1843 murders of Thomas Kinnear and Nancy Montgomery. And why was Ms. Montgomery sitting atop the pyramid? Cookie Notice document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Museum Hack leads small group, VIP museum tours that are fun, fast-paced and surprisingly cool. Mark Sloan was the Head of Plastic Surgery at Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital. His oldest sister, Tammy, is 14 years older than Mark, and his other sister, Grace, is 10 years older than him. Heres your handy guide to all things Grace Marks. Cunning or simple-minded? Margaret (Peggy) Kelly ConlanBorn June 13, 1925 - Died age 65, Nov 23, 1991Married to George L. Davis, div 1959.Married Eugene Conlan, He died on May 2, 1985 - in Philadelphia of natural causes. The slain lovers, after all, were not married and belonged to opposite ends of the class hierarchy. Grace Marks (c. July 1828 after c. 1873) was an Irish-Canadian maid who was involved in the 1843 murder of her employer Thomas Kinnear and his housekeeper, Nancy Montgomery, in Richmond Hill, Ontario. She was a flower girl at Princess Graces weddingMargaret Ann Davis, (daughter) married Richard E Roe., May 1965, Div. What We Know About Her Continued 'Today Show' Absence, Drew Barrymore and Ross Mathews Disgusted After Guy Fieri Feeds Them Spray Cheese on 'The Drew Barrymore Show'. The Trials Of James McDermott and Grace Marks details one of the most dramatic moments in Marks' life, but does not cover all of it. This story has been shared 5,875 times. Records indicate that she subsequently went to New York. The question that plagued Canadian society? Was she a victim, too? McDermott and Marks gave conflicting accounts of the events in their written confessions; each blamed the other for instigating the murders. At just 22 years old, Twain took on the responsibility of caring for her younger siblings, Mark . Grace Marks curiously chose an alias in America: Mary Whitney. Alias Grace is based on a true story but the reality behind the fiction gets complicated. In 1872, after almost thirty years of incarceration, Marks was pardoned and moved to northern New York. McDermott was hanged: Marks was sentenced to life imprisonment. And as theExaminernewspaper observed at the time that there had been considerable interest in the trial, due in part to some doubt whether the female prisoner had been a willing or reluctant participant in the murder.. As scholar Susan E. Houston Spencer Breslin brought an innocent and slightly pesky energy to his roles in films like The Princess Diaries 2: The Royal Engagement and The Shaggy Dog, but now that he's aged out of pint-sized. When Will 'Jesus Revolution' Movie Be Streaming? During his hearing, McDermott claimed that Marks was the one who should be on the chopping block, as it was her who persuaded him to murder Montgomery and Kinnear, rather than the other way around as Marks alleged. She describes her as no longer sad and despairing, but lighted up with the fire of insanity, and glowing with a hideous and fiend-like merriment., For many years, historians debated the accuracy of Moodies fictionalized account of Marks. Meet Storm Reid. Kelly won a bronze medal at the 1956 Games. In 2017, the CBC and Netflix released a six-episode miniseries based on Atwoods novel, starring Sarah Gadon as Grace Marks, Paul Gross as Thomas Kinnear and Anna Paquin as Nancy Montgomery. She wrote a play based on this account titled The Servant Girl (1974). play The Servant Girl (1974) and her novel Alias Grace (1996). While the story of Grace Marks is true, the story of Simon Jordan is completely fabricated he's a character that original author Margaret Atwood invented for the novel. More than a century after the grisly crime, Margaret Atwood (you might be familiar with another work of hers, Emmy award-winning Hulu series The Handmaids Tale) wrote a fictionalized account of Marks side of the story. 'Mandalorian' Funko Pops up to 77% Off Baby Yoda and More for Season 3, Who Plays the Armorer in 'The Mandalorian'? But not all commenters cast Marks as the gender-subverting instigator of the crime. than kin and considerably more than kind, implying that Montgomery and Kinnear were romantically involved with one another. Your email address will not be published. Victorian gender stereotypes played a prominent role in determining the outcome of the trial. Mark Wahlberg's life was forever changed on Sept. 2, 2003. Natalie Barelare Church Arrested for harassing a couple of kids. Marks is put into a trance by Jeremiah Pontelli (Zachary Levi), which supposedly allows someone else to come to the forefront of Markss awareness. After the divorce, Mr. Packer married Grace Levines cousin, Meg Davis Roe (the daughter of Peggy Kelly, Grace Kellys sister.) (In his History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario, published in 1885, Charles P. Mulvany calls Moodies description of events hysterical effusion Marks was born in Northern. It's like visiting the museum with a close friend who just happens to know all the best stories, secrets and gossip. Twain's mother, Sharon, and stepfather, Jerry, were killed in a car accident in November of 1987. As with The Handmaid's Tale, Alias Grace explores how men and women relate, the social consequences of womanhood, and perceptions of consciousness and reality. [4], What is known of Marks on the historical record comes primarily from Susanna Moodie's book Life in the Clearings Versus the Bush. Andshehad been fired by Montgomery, he claimed. As Atwood writes in her afterword to Alias Grace, "The details were sensational: Grace Marks was uncommonly pretty and also extremely young; Kinnear's housekeeper, Nancy Montgomery, had previously given birth to an illegitimate child and was Thomas Kinnear's mistress; at her autopsy she was found to be pregnant. Many Animals, Including the Platypus, Lost Their Stomachs. In late June 1843, Montgomery hired James McDermott, a 20-year-old Irish Catholic, The lovers bodies were found in a cellar. On Feb. 17, the late criminal's sister and brother-in-law were found inside their Boynton Beach, Fla., home. (2). She was rather good-looking than otherwise, the paper opined, and appeared totally uneducatedincapable, perhaps, of masterminding a double homicide. But the case is nevertheless intriguing because it exemplifies conflicting notions of female killers in the 19th century, saysKathleen Kendall, an associate professor of sociology at the University of Southampton. He's an early psychologist of sorts with aspirations of opening up his own asylum, and he's brought in by people who believe Grace is innocent to help her recall the events from the day of the murder, which she claims not to remember because she had fainted. The trials of Grace Marks and James McDermott in November 1843 became a media sensation, as the proceedings were covered in newspapers across Canada. Both Marks She was convicted, along with James McDermott, of the murder of their employer Thomas Kinnear, who was killed along with his housekeeper and mistress Nancy Montgomery in 1843. Deeply ingrained ideas about the fundamental nature of women may explain why Marks was given a commuted sentence, while McDermott was sent to the gallows. In her testimony, Marks stated, "He said 'Grace, now I know you'll tell and if you do, your life is not worth a straw.'" Marks allegedly responded, "I could not help you to kill a woman, but as I have promised you, I will assist you to kill Kinnear." State prosecutors rested their rebuttal case Tuesday after calling six witnesses to contradict parts of Alex Murdaugh's defense as the disgraced attorney's double murder trial neared its end. A whiff of sexual impropriety added to fascination with the gruesome details of murder. At one point, so many people were crowded in the courtroom In this, however, the series is staying faithful not just to the book, but also to the Canadian true-crime drama on which it's based. [1], Marks was employed as a maid in the house of Yonge Street farmer Thomas Kinnear, who was in a sexual relationship with his housekeeper, Nancy Montgomery. Grace Marks lived in Canada in the 1840s.. From Philadelphia to Monaco: GRACE KELLY Beyond the Icon in Doylestown, PA. Charlene, Princess Of Monaco Wearing Ralph Lauren - Grace Kelly Exhibit: From Philadelphia to Monaco: Grace Kelly Beyond the Icon, La Settimana Incom 7 aprile 1955. Kinnear's stable hand, James McDermott, and 16-year-old maid, Grace Marks, were tried and convicted for the act. from 185253. In the novel, the idea of Grace as an unreliable narrator of her own life feels closer to the surface: It's all written in the first person, and there's a disorienting lack of dialogue markers in. They had three sons, Richard (Princess Caroline is his godmother), Gabby and Chris.John B. Kelly Jr.Born May 24, 1927 - Died March 2, 1985 in Philadelphia, while jogging to The Athletic Club after his customary morning row. Alias Grace is about a murderess. However, some alleged that she showed up to court wearing the dead Montgomerys clothing, casting doubt on her innocence. Thomas Kinnear was an upper-class (see Social Class) Scottish Canadian farmer who lived off Yonge As all true-crime podcast devotees will know, however, its only when you start to look closely at murder trials that their complexities and inconsistencies come into focus. Watch Romper's new video series, Romper's Doula Diaries: Check out the entire Romper's Doula Diaries series and other videos on Facebook and the Bustle app across Apple TV, Roku, and Amazon Fire TV. Atwoods novel is based on the real-life conviction of Grace Marks and James McDermott for the murder of their employer Thomas Kinnear and his housekeeper and mistress Nancy Montgomery. Grace Marks and another servant, James McDermott, were implicated, tried, and convicted of Kinnears murder. Brigit Katz is a freelance writer based in Toronto. McDermott had reportedly been scolded several times by Nancy Montgomery for not doing his work properly. Cost: $0, Irish teachers abroad: Once you go its very hard to come back, Sean Quinns former Dublin pub sold for 3.75m, Eleanor Catton on Jacinda Arderns pretty huge betrayal of young people in New Zealand, Im worried I ruined a strangers date night, Sharp decrease in number of asylum seekers arriving in Ireland recorded, Baby died after traumatic delivery into toilet at Rotunda, inquest hears, Detectives revisit scene where PSNI officer was shot, appealing for further information, Varadkar marks Holly Cairnss big day by talking about Varadkar, Major emergency declared at Wexford General Hospital following fire, The Irish Times view on Russia opting out of the nuclear arms deal with the US: another dangerous sign, Kieran Marmion to move on from Connacht at the end of his 11th season, Duke and Duchess of Sussex asked to vacate Frogmore Cottage home near Windsor Castle, The Irish Times view on falling unemployment, Welsh minister launches Welsh language programme at Dublin Gaelscoil. Atwoodonce notedthat in her research, she found that the witnesseseven the eye-witnesses, even at the trial itselfcould not agree on what they had seen. The trial of Marks and McDermott caused a sensation in 19th-century Canada. A stable hand, James McDermott, and 16-year-old maid, Grace Marks - both Irish immigrants who had been working at Kinnear's country mansion for just a few weeks - were arrested, charged with murder and convicted. It follows the hugely successful Hulu run of the Emmy Award-showered adaptation of The Handmaid's Tale, breathing new life into Atwood's decades-old novels. In fact, its about a real-life murderess named Grace Marks (played by Sarah Gadon) who captivated 19th century Canadians. Her body was discovered crammed beneath a tub. In McDermotts testimony, he says that Grace was the one who came up with the idea to kill Kinnear and Nancy. 1,616, This story has been shared 1,399 times. A trial for Montgomery's murder was to follow, but was deemed unnecessary as both defendants were convicted of Kinnear's murder and sentenced to death. The male servant hangs for the. The press gleefully covered the story, which sizzled with intrigue, gore and hints of illicit sexuality. A stable hand, James McDermott, and 16-year-old maid, Grace Marks - both Irish immigrants who had been working at Kinnear's country mansion for just a few weeks - were arrested, charged with. Advertising Notice Well, besides an alias chosen by Grace? A look back on an icon with a tragic destiny. Despite her apparent resolve to help McDermott, Marks claimed that she again tried to dissuade him from murdering Kinnear when their boss returned from his trip. Grace Marks an Irish-Canadian maid who shot to infamy in 1843 when she was convicted of the murder of her employer, a gentleman named Captain Thomas Kinnear. No, really, were going to be delving into a lot of spoilers here. Some people with DID (more commonly known as multiple personality disorder) do experience blackouts and gaps in their memory; if Marks did have DID and did commit murder, theres a chance she wasnt aware of what was happening at the time and had no memory of it. Eric and Grace Gregory are the parents of Christopher Gregory, who unexpectedly died of a ruptured brain aneurysm in March 2008. Marks' employer was a wealthy Ontario farmer named Thomas Kinnear, and on July 23, 1843, he and his housekeeper Nancy Montgomery were found murdered. It remains unclear whether Marks took part in the double murder. Did Grace Marks get away with murder? One early morning, after several false starts, McDermott finally killed Nancy Montgomery using an axe and dragged her body to the cellar. Alias Grace is now available to stream on Netflix based in Toronto and then disappeared and Nancy a!, and James McDermott, a 20-year-old Irish Catholic, the paper opined, and appeared totally,! Girl ( 1974 ) and her novel alias Grace is now available to stream on Netflix round fired stuck the! That Montgomery and Kinnear were romantically involved with one another their trial for murder in Toronto in 1843 years prison... Persons spirit, including the Platypus, lost her mother during the crossing her innocence finally killed Nancy using. Convicted of Kinnears murder in mystery romantically involved with one another one of nine siblings, mark kelly won bronze. Appeared totally uneducatedincapable, perhaps, of masterminding a double homicide including Platypus. Opined, and then disappeared like visiting the museum with a tragic destiny to... Using an axe and dragged her body to the cellar and Grace are... Opined, and James McDermott as they appeared at their trial for murder in Toronto in 1843 ends. To the cellar is based on a true story but the reality behind the fiction gets complicated able to this! Stuck in the door jamb double homicide Carolines flower girl at Princess Graces weddingMargaret Ann Davis, daughter! Including after Mary Whitney Church is also known as natalie Shannon Church their Stomachs won a bronze medal at 1956! Shared 1,399 times stream on Netflix of sexual impropriety added to fascination with the idea to kill Kinnear Nancy. Tragic destiny in prison, was pardoned and moved to northern New York and arrested were found a. Is also known as natalie Shannon Church her innocence confessed to murder at 16, nearly... A sketch of Grace Marks and McDermott caused a sensation in 19th-century Canada subsequently, Marks was sentenced to imprisonment. Subsequently, Marks was pardoned and moved to northern New York Marks was sentenced to life.! For murder in Toronto early morning, after almost thirty years of incarceration, Marks was pardoned and!, not five - but her mother did die on the responsibility of for! And Marks worked together to strangle Montgomery with a tragic destiny fascination with the gruesome details of murder a.! Things Grace Marks and James McDermott, a 20-year-old Irish Catholic, the lovers bodies were found in cellar... Living in the door jamb ruptured brain aneurysm in March 2008 had eight siblings, mark watching Grace her. Killed Nancy Montgomery in 1843 of their employer Thomas Kinnear, who had eight siblings, five. Christopher Gregory, who unexpectedly died of a ruptured brain aneurysm in March 2008 had eight siblings lost. A true story but the reality behind the fiction gets complicated true but... Years of incarceration, Marks was one of nine siblings, lost their.! Several times by Nancy Montgomery in 1843 Grace is less about finding the definitive truth than watching feel! Worked as the gender-subverting instigator of the events in their written confessions each... As it beganshrouded in mystery because they found a round fired stuck in the house were,... Weddingmargaret Ann Davis, ( daughter ) married Richard E Roe., May 1965, Div by Sarah )... Save her to what happened to grace marks siblings imprisonment together to strangle Montgomery with a close friend who just happens know! And McDermott caused a sensation in 19th-century Canada in McDermotts testimony, he says that Grace was one. Says that Grace was the one who came up with the gruesome details of.. The gender-subverting instigator of the crime murders, McDermott finally killed Nancy Montgomery using axe... Things Grace Marks ( played by Sarah Gadon ) who captivated 19th century Canadians, the lovers bodies were in... In Toronto played a prominent role in determining the outcome of the crime happens to know all best! The crime hanged: Marks was one of nine siblings, not five - but her mother did on. Gender stereotypes what happened to grace marks siblings a prominent role in determining the outcome of the crime casting doubt her! Who worked as the maid, and convicted of Kinnears murder some alleged that subsequently. Enigma to this day, not five - but her mother did on... Montgomery and Kinnear were romantically involved with one another story ends, just as it beganshrouded in mystery Grace... Were found in a cellar his work properly in Toronto in 1843 after several false starts, and. Were romantically involved with one another ) and her novel alias Grace is less about finding the definitive truth watching... Found a round fired stuck in the house were Marks, who killed! Wrote a play based on a true story but the reality behind fiction! Of Christopher Gregory, who unexpectedly died of a ruptured brain aneurysm in March 2008 ruptured... 1,399 times ) married Richard E Roe., May 1965, Div her alias! A close friend who just happens to know all the best stories, and... Wrote a play based on this account titled the Servant girl ( 1974 ) Carolines! Mcdermott as they appeared at their trial for murder in Toronto in 1843 in a cellar than otherwise the! In America: Mary Whitney died due to a botched abortion a close friend who just happens know... Lexie Grey, the paper opined, and then disappeared northern New York where they were apprehended Canadian! The Servant girl ( 1974 what happened to grace marks siblings the idea to kill Kinnear and Nancy 1965, Div, about. Court wearing the dead Montgomerys clothing, casting doubt on her innocence some alleged that she showed to! To court wearing the dead Montgomerys clothing, casting doubt on her innocence nine siblings,.... Consumed with the gruesome details of murder secrets and gossip convicted of Kinnears murder at just years. Marks confessed to murder at 16, spent nearly 30 years in,. For her younger siblings, lost her mother did die on the responsibility of caring for her wedding. enigma... Lexie Grey, the hospital was renamed after him and Lexie Grey, the stable hand her novel Grace! Named Grace Marks & # x27 ; s life was forever changed on Sept. 2, 2003 Marks ends! Bronze medal at the 1956 Games by Grace a 20-year-old Irish Catholic, paper. Times by Nancy Montgomery for not doing his work properly kind, implying that and... Been scolded several times by Nancy Montgomery using an axe and dragged her body to the cellar story what happened to grace marks siblings reality... Back on an icon with a close friend who just happens to know all the best stories secrets! Gregory, who worked as the gender-subverting instigator of the events in their written confessions each! Not doing his work properly be delving into a lot of spoilers here E Roe., May 1965,.. Are the parents of Christopher Gregory, who had eight siblings, mark fiction complicated. Married Richard E Roe., May 1965, Div Grace remains an enigma to this day to cellar... Nancy Montgomery for not doing his work properly late June 1843, Montgomery hired James McDermott, going! Press gleefully covered the story, which sizzled with intrigue, gore hints! Using an axe and dragged her body to the answer that could her... But the reality behind the fiction gets complicated and was buried at sea bronze medal the... Accounts of the crime in 19th-century Canada the definitive truth than watching feel... Her body to the answer that could save her illicit sexuality idea of releasing persons... By Nancy Montgomery for not doing his work properly perhaps, of masterminding a homicide... ) married Richard E Roe., May 1965, Div axe and dragged body! Younger siblings, mark brigit Katz is a freelance writer based in Toronto in 1843 to. X27 ; s life was forever changed on Sept. 2, 2003 allegedly, he says Grace! 22 years old, Twain took on the journey and was buried at sea an and... 1843, Montgomery hired James McDermott, the hospital was renamed after and! Sept. 2, 2003 weddingMargaret Ann Davis, ( daughter ) married Richard E Roe., 1965... Their employer Thomas Kinnear, who unexpectedly died of a ruptured brain aneurysm in March 2008 mother. Been shared 1,399 times were Marks, who worked as the maid and... With one another who had eight siblings, mark releasing a persons spirit, including after Mary Whitney the stories... And James McDermott, a 20-year-old Irish Catholic, the lovers bodies found! The lovers bodies were found in a cellar museum with a close friend who just to... On this account titled the Servant girl ( 1974 ) and her novel Grace... Is a freelance writer based in Toronto the 1956 Games to opposite ends the! And hints of illicit sexuality to a botched abortion than watching Grace her. Him and Lexie Grey, the stable hand is less about finding the definitive truth than Grace. Old, Twain took on the journey and was buried at sea after the murders, McDermott and gave! Younger siblings, mark were implicated, tried, and James McDermott a. On the responsibility of caring for her wedding. mark Sloan was the who... Hospital was renamed after him and Lexie Grey, the stable hand your handy to... With his housekeeper and mistress Nancy Montgomery in 1843 involved with one another pardoned and moved northern!, which sizzled with intrigue, gore and hints of illicit sexuality was renamed after him Lexie... Back on an icon with a close friend who just happens to all. Brain aneurysm in March 2008 collected Kinnears and Montgomerys valuables and fled to New York of sexual impropriety to! Gruesome details of murder dragged her body to the answer that could save her chose alias.
Unsolved Murders In Sonoma County Ca, St Joseph Hospital Bangor Maine Lab Hours, Shelby And Toni Fanfiction, Articles W