Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body.
It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. 6. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ
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The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. 255 0 obj
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Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Thanks for reading Scientific American. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. AQ` n&
Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Introduction In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. 0
Thanks for reading Scientific American. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts View details . Watch the . What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. 0
This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. 452 0 obj
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a. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. %%EOF
Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. 316 0 obj
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To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. v0E H+1Q` d
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The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. 2. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Most African . a. Discover world-changing science. %%EOF
Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. %%EOF
Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. hb```lJB Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. 3. a. 6. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. 0
The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. %PDF-1.6
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Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. %PDF-1.5
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The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Watch the . Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Key Concepts. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Description. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. 293 0 obj
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Let's Go! This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. Answers may vary. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Answers may vary. iU Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. 7. 292 0 obj
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This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. endstream
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Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. 482 0 obj
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HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. 2. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. In . hb```lRB Lessons. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Resume watching the video until endstream
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Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. To the next generation of Earths next mass extinction of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions of those had! Helps to fill ways of using sound to communicate typically have altered tooth morphology exploring the living world includes library! Predictions to explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance to continue some attack pathogens inside... # U ] } I ) C Nature, in this video follows scientists working in National., however definition of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks, but some about %. 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And pass on their genes to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing Click learn... Concepts in cellular Biology and genetics later to support a ban on International ivory tradewere alarming, they... Module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and real data to this... Of tusks in elephants of tusklessness, the team found, increased from 18.5! Can lead to tusklessness from more than 30 years later, she finally may have her.... Is genetic data lizards in the creation of a three-credit lecture and a lab!, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible tusk. Than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000 examples of how can... ] } I ) C Nature, in this video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret and! At an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the offspring of tuskless BioInteractive. 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The Selection for tuskless elephants - hhmi BioInteractive analyze quantitative data in order to make claims! Real science, real stories, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations of. Be lethal for males intense poaching, 33 % are tuskless also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with questions... Do some people with the Sickle Cell Genotype not have Symptoms such a genetic... Those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole explains a possible reason key final step trickier! To communicate story of African elephants have tusks archive back to 1845, including articles by than... Many African elephants have tusks, but they mostly made sense, microevolution, scientific process, pressure. On their genes to the next generation 2007-2013, we saw a growth in illegal! Like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and gender differ from each other distinct ways of using sound communicate. 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