Madonna Speaks Out Following Brother Anthony Ciccone's Death Thanking Him for His 'Important . Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/ p r /; German: [pe] (); 19 March 1905 - 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II.A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.. An architect by training, Speer joined the . Hitler's cabinet was dismayed at his tactics, but, regardless, he was able to accumulate new responsibilities and more power. Albert Speer (fdt Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer den 19. marts 1905 i Mannheim, dd 1. september 1981 i London) var en tysk arkitekt, der under 2. verdenskrig var rustningsminister (Reichsminister fr Bewaffnung und Munition) i Nazi-Tyskland.Lnge inden ministerudnvnelsen havde Speer vret Adolf Hitlers foretrukne arkitekt.. Speer blev medlem af nazistpartiet i 1931. [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". [43] The Schutzstaffel (SS) built two concentration camps in 1938 and used the inmates to quarry stone for its construction. In 1918, moved to Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg, Heidelberg, Germany. [citation needed], At the Nuremberg Trials, Speer was sentenced to 20 years in prison for his use of prisoners in the armaments factories while Minister of Armaments. [34] Hitler ordered Speer to develop plans to rebuild Berlin. [155] Speer was photographed with slave laborers at Mauthausen concentration camp during a visit on 31 March 1943; he also visited Gusen concentration camp. [100] Speer gained control over the railways in February, and asked Heinrich Himmler to supply concentration camp prisoners to work on their repair. [5], Following his release from Spandau, Speer donated the Chronicle, his personal diary, to the German Federal Archives. It will begin in Norway and extend to northern Italy. Post Like many of those in power in the Third Reich, he was not an ideologue, "nor was he anything more than an instinctive anti-Semite. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding . . [131], Speer's supporters maintained calls for his release. FC Bayern Munich opens a new sports complex with a youth academy planned by AS+P. Speer joined the National Socialist Party in January 1931; he wrote "I was not choosing the NSDAP, but becoming a follower of Hitler, whose magnetic force had reached out to me the first time I saw him and had not, thereafter, released me." [158] Kitchen said he had deceived the Nuremberg Tribunal and post-war Germany. His claim was revealed to be false in a private correspondence written in 1971 and publicly disclosed in 2007. Albert Speer Jr., one of the most important German architects and urban planners, died unexpectedly on September 15, 2017 in Frankfurt. [46] Eventually, 75,000 Jews were displaced by these measures. sort by. . [130] Speer also read, studied architectural journals, and brushed up on English and French. He was 76 years old. [76], Following his appointment as Minister of Armaments, Speer was in control of armaments production solely for the Army. The cylinder is now a protected landmark and is open to the public. [20], Shortly after Hitler came into power, he began to make plans to rebuild the chancellery. He suffered a stroke and died in London on 1 September. by Durand 27 Jul 2005, 14:18, Post [69], As head of Organisation Todt, Speer was directly involved in the construction and alteration of concentration camps. They paid for Toni Proost to go on holiday, and for bribes to those who might be able to secure Speer's release. He had claimed that he was unaware of Nazi extermination plans, and the Allies had no proof that he was aware. Efforts were made and a search of Ernst's unit ended in failure. [155] Isabell Trommer writes in her biography of Speer that Fest and Siedler were co-authors of Speer's memoirs and co-creators of his myths. Four years into their relationship, in September 1981, Speer died. [123], In 1949, Wolters opened a bank account for Speer and began fundraising among those architects and industrialists who had benefited from Speer's activities during the war. Labor to build the A4 rockets came from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. Minister for Armaments. Speer's mother asked Albert to do something to get Ernst out. He used his writings from the time of imprisonment as the basis for two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. Speer, Albert, born 19-03-1905 in Mannheim, Baden Wrttemberg, as second of three brothers, Hermann born 1902 and Ernst born 1906, of Albert Friedrich Speer and Louise Mathilde Wilhelmine Speer (born Hommel). [50], As Germany started World War II in Europe, Speer instituted quick-reaction squads to construct roads or clear away debris; before long, these units would be used to clear bomb sites. Instead, he issued the "Nero Decree" on 19 March, which called for the destruction of all infrastructure as the army retreated. This criticism is mainly presented by the documentary film "Speer Goes to Hollywood" by the director Vanessa Lapa. 2. [55] On 8 February 1942, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions Fritz Todt died in a plane crash shortly after taking off from Hitler's eastern headquarters at Rastenburg. the atmosphere was said the best ever it was actually worded they After one of these briefings, Hitler invited Speer to lunch, to the architect's great excitement. FRANKFURT Albert Speer Jr., an internationally prominent architect who sought throughout his life to distance himself from the dark legacy of his father, a member of Adolf . [113] Speer was indicted on four counts: participating in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of crime against peace; planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace; war crimes; and crimes against humanity. [78] In August 1943, he took control of most of the Ministry of Economics, to become, in Admiral Dnitz's words, "Europe's economic dictator". I was searching for information about Ernst (?) [91], On 14 April 1944, Speer lost control of Organisation Todt to his Deputy, Franz Xaver Dorsch. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them. First published in 1969, it appeared in English translation in 1970. Speer has paid his penance for his part of the inner circle and had come to the realization of Germany's reality during WWII. [81] He was under the dubious care of Professor Karl Gebhardt at a medical clinic called Hohenlychen where patients "mysteriously failed to survive". Sereny gained respect for his sincerity in his personal "battle with truth.". He maintained Hitler was cool towards him for the remainder of his life after learning they had included him on a list of potential ministers. [45] Kristallnacht accelerated Speer's ongoing efforts to dispossess Berlin's Jews from their homes. Speer arrived there the previous evening and accepted Todt's offer to fly with him to Berlin. [87], The Fighter Staff committee was instrumental in bringing about the increased exploitation of slave labor in the war economy. The building was able to hold 340,000 people. In July1932, the Speers visited Berlin to help out the Party before the Reichstag elections. In her renowned biography, Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth, she describes her friend Schramm as "maybe the most moral person I have ever met". The relationship will always amaze. Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the "Final Solution". [81], In response to the Allied Big Week, Adolf Hitler authorized the creation of a Fighter Staff committee. Those who feigned illness, slacked off, sabotaged production or tried to escape were denied food or sent to concentration camps. Hitler became interested in Speer through his own interest in the arts. In 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for Berlin. [43] The building itself was hailed by Hitler as the "crowning glory of the greater German political empire". [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. Speer was able to have his writings sent to Wolters, however, and they eventually amounted to 20,000 pages. A scene from 'Rise of the Nazis' Photo: 72 Films. Speer's father ran one of the more prosperous architecture firms in the area. [121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. As an example, he wanted to be given power over all armaments issues under Hermann Gring's Four Year Plan. [118] On 1 October 1946, he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. This led to a significant German Army failure at the Battle of Prokhorovka, a major turning point on the Eastern Front against the Soviet Red Army. Little remains of his personal architectural work. [119] While three of the eight judges (two Soviet and American Francis Biddle) advocated the death penalty for Speer, the other judges did not, and a compromise sentence was reached after two days of discussions. [70], Speer realized that with six million workers drafted into the armed forces, there was a labor shortage in the war economy, and not enough workers for his factories. [174], Speer did not deny being present at the Posen speeches to Nazi leaders at a conference in Posen (Pozna) on 6 October 1943, but claimed to have left the auditorium before Himmler said during his speech: "The grave decision had to be taken to cause this people to vanish from the earth",[175] and later, "The Jews must be exterminated". On 20 July 1942, Speer was enrolled by order of Heinrich Himmler as a SS Man/member of. Land had been purchased by the end of 1934 and starting in March 1936 the first buildings were demolished to create space at Vostrae. [166] Another myth centered around a faked plan to assassinate Hitler with poisonous gas. [15] Instead, he revised his Spandau writings into two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich (in German, Erinnerungen, or Reminiscences[140]) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. von Speer, Albert: und eine groe Auswahl hnlicher Bcher, Kunst und Sammlerstcke erhltlich auf AbeBooks.de. [107] Speer visited the Fhrerbunker on 22 April for the last time. With Rutger Hauer, John Gielgud, Maria Schell, Blythe Danner. These factories were death-traps; discipline was brutal, with regular executions. His formal title was changed on 2 September 1943, to "Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production". [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. 46.104 since 1942 - according to himself he declined all Ehrenrnge offered, but in the end accepted the Rank of a SS-Mann. [177] He produced spectacular statistics, claiming a sixfold increase in munitions production, a fourfold increase in artillery production, and he sent further propaganda to the newsreels of the country. Albert Speer (1905-1981) was a trained architect. Sauckel had whole villages in France, Holland and Belgium forcibly rounded up and shipped to Speer's factories. bio je arhitekt i ministar naoruanja u nacistikoj Njemakoj. He had walked more than 30,000 kilometres (19,000mi), ending his sentence near Guadalajara, Mexico. [3] Henry T. King, deputy prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials who later wrote a book about Speer said, "Love and warmth were lacking in the household of Speer's youth. This delayed the program, and Speer was unable to remedy the situation. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor, narrowly avoiding a death sentence. A speech by Albert Speer (there is an account of this speech in Albert Speer, Erinnerungen [Berlin, 1969], p. 325) was followed by speeches of his deputies: Willy Schliecker, the expert on American rearmament; Walther Rohland, the head of Panzer production; Karl Frydag, who was in charge of aircraft building; and Otto Merker, who was . He met Hitler and toured the damaged Chancellery before leaving Berlin to return to Hamburg. [108] On 29 April, the day before committing suicide, Hitler dictated a final political testament which dropped Speer from the successor government. Speer, Jr., an eighty-two-year-old with a perennially serious expression and a fondness for energetic hand motions, is one of Germany's best-known urban planners. He later published a work about Himmler and the SS which has been published in English as The Slave State: Heinrich Himmler's Masterplan for SS Supremacy or Infiltration: How Heinrich Himmler Schemed to Build an SS Industrial Empire (in German, Der Sklavenstaat - Meine Auseinandersetzung mit der SS). The designs were rushed into production, and the completed submarines were crippled by flaws which resulted from the way they had been constructed. Speer's joint undertaking with the SS leadership resulted in the creation of Mittelwerk (Central Works) for underground production of the V-2. [89] To increase production, Speer introduced a system of punishments for his workforce. [164] Even so, public perceptions of Speer did not change substantially until Heinrich Breloer aired a biographical film on TV in 2004. [98] Nevertheless, Speer believed that Germany should continue the war for as long as possible with the goal of winning better conditions from the Allies than the unconditional surrender they insisted upon. [80], In December 1943, Speer visited Organisation Todt workers in Lapland, while there he seriously damaged his knee and was incapacitated for several months. Speer's own staff described the conditions there as "hell". Reporters and photographers crowded both the street outside Spandau and the lobby of the Hotel Berlin where Speer spent the night. Contributor: C. Peter Chen ww2dbase Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany, into a wealthy middle class family to Albert and Luise Speer. Adam Tooze wrote in The Wages of Destruction that the idea that Speer was an apolitical technocrat was "absurd". [73] Sauckel obtained new workers often using the most brutal methods. Nobody else in Hitler's circle, not even Josef Goebbels, was shown such favoritism. The second season of the PBS series looks at Hitler's planning and the battle that would ultimately cripple the Third Reich. Speer's full length portrait of Hitler has unnerving reality. Speer, Albert (1905-81). - London, Anglia, 1981. szeptember 1.) [18], The organizers of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally asked Speer to submit designs for the rally, bringing him into contact with Hitler for the first time. [22] Speer quickly became part of Hitler's inner circle; he was expected to call on him in the morning for a walk or chat, to provide consultation on architectural matters, and to discuss Hitler's ideas. In February 1942, Speer was appointed as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production. This image dominated his historiography in the decades following the war, giving rise to the "Speer Myth": the perception of him as an apolitical technocrat responsible for revolutionizing the German war machine. the eldest went to visit his brother while in spandau prison and Nazi armaments minister Albert Speer's younger brother Ernst was trapped in the Kessel, lying in a freezing stable without walls, gravely ill with jaundice. The film began a process of demystification and critical reappraisal. When asked by his Allied captors in 1945 to what extent German military strategy had been influenced by economic considerations, Albert Speer, Hitler's armaments minister, replied that in the case of OperationBarbarossathe need for oil was certainly a prime motive. Indeed, even during initial discussions of his plan to invade the Soviet Union, Hitler had stressed the absolute necessity of . [99] During January and February, Speer claimed that his ministry would deliver "decisive weapons" and a large increase in armaments production which would "bring about a dramatic change on the battlefield". Albert Speer, the Nazi architect who built a Cathedral of Light for Hitler and commanded millions of prisoners in the forced production of weaponry, had a comfortable second life. [11] As such, Speer taught some of his classes while continuing his own postgraduate studies. In this capacity he was responsible for the Central Department for Resettlement that evicted Jewish tenants from their homes in Berlin. [55] At the same time, Hitler also appointed Speer as head of the Organisation Todt, a massive, government-controlled construction company. [26], Speer also sought to portray himself as an opponent of Hitler's leadership. [83] His political rivals used the opportunity to undermine his authority and damage his reputation with Hitler. Detailed plans were completed in July 1937 and the first shell of the new chancellery was complete on 1 January 1938. The V-2's first target was Paris on 8 September 1944. [179], Little remains of Speer's personal architectural works, other than the plans and photographs. August 1, 2017. [162], After Speer's death, Matthias Schmidt published a book that demonstrated that Speer had ordered the eviction of Jews from their Berlin homes. [58] Characteristically Hitler did not give Speer any clear remit; he was left to fight his contemporaries in the regime for power and control. His first draft was written from March 1953 to 26 December 1954. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad See answer (1) Copy. Figlio e nipote di architetti, Spee. After the disasters of the battle of Moscow (Operation Typhoon) and even after Stalingrad Germany manages to greatly increase its military production, even though the allies were launching a major bombing campaign against them. [32], On 30 January 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for the Reich Capital. Albert Speer (Mannheim, Nmetorszg, 1905. mrcius 19. Beginning in 1948, Speer had the services of Toni Proost, a sympathetic Dutch orderly to smuggle mail and his writings. The film presents original videos from the Nazi Germany period and conversations with Speer, in which the great deception he tried to present at the Nuremberg trials and in his book is revealed.[6]. Under his leadership, the Nazis implemented a brutal regime of slave labour in armaments factories across Germany. Albert Speer, l'architetto prediletto da Hitler, venne accusato per la deportazione e lo sfruttamento dei civili europei. Mr. Speer had been taken to the . "[4] His brothers, Ernst and Hermann, bullied him throughout his childhood. The battle is infamous as one of the largest . 4.10 avg rating 13,205 ratings published 1969 86 editions. Speer made no mention of it in the first draft of Inside the Third Reich. Trevor-Roper frequently refers to Speer as "a technocrat [who] nourished a technocrat's philosophy", one who cared only for his building projects or his ministerial duties, and who thought that politics was irrelevant, at least until Hitler's Nero Decree which Speer, according to his own telling, worked assiduously to counter. This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by the Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Christian Ankerstjernes Panzerworld and Christoph Awender's WW2 day by day. Como Ministro do Armamento, Speer foi responsvel pela grande produtividade da Alemanha neste setor nos anos finais da Segunda Guerra Mundial. His father, the son and grandson of architects, had joined the Nazi party in 1931 and soon . This is followed by an epilogue dealing with the end of the war in Europe and the resulting Nuremberg trials, in which Speer was sentenced to a 20-year prison term for his actions during the war. As "the Nazi who said sorry", he accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg trials . While dozens of submarines were built, few ever entered service. After serving. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. Ultimately, when their emergence involved the ruin of all his work, Speer accepted the consequences and acted. The house had a studio were Hitler (see Hitler parents) often came to draw his . Hosted by askropp and Frech. The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. "[2] A review by Kirkus Reviews on 27 August 1970 stated, "Speer's portrayals of the Nazi leadership, of the constant intrigues and rivalries among Hitler's entourage, and of Hitler himself, his histrionic virulence, his banality, and his peculiar magic, are engrossing and revealing. As a Nazi Party member, she had greatly enjoyed dining with Hitler. [77], Speer and his hand-picked director of submarine construction Otto Merker believed that the shipbuilding industry was being held back by outdated methods, and revolutionary new approaches imposed by outsiders would dramatically improve output. If built, the German Stadium would have accommodated 400,000 spectators. Die Zelle. [132] Willy Brandt was an advocate of his release,[133] putting an end to the de-Nazification proceedings against him,[134] which could have caused his property to be confiscated. [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. [68] Hitler was closely involved with the design of the tanks, but kept changing his mind about the specifications. His sentence of twenty years amounted to 7,305 days, which only allotted one and a half days per book. He was more forthright in an interview with William Hamsher in which he said he joined the party in order to save "Germany from Communism". 1971. [181] The tribune of the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg, though partly demolished, can also be seen. His architectural skills made him increasingly prominent within the Party, and he became a member of Hitler's inner circle. I knew that these must be Berlin Jews who were being evacuated. alberts side and was generally desribed as a wastrel. [111] Speer provided information to the Allies, regarding the effects of the air war, and on a broad range of subjects, beginning on 10 May. He was acquitted on the other two counts. [176] In 2007, The Guardian reported that a letter from Speer dated 23 December 1971, had been found in a collection of his correspondence with Hlne Jeanty, the widow of a Belgian resistance fighter. Ernst Speer. After August 1944, oil from the Romanian fields was no longer available. While they were there his friend, Nazi Party official Karl Hanke recommended the young architect to Joseph Goebbels to help renovate the Party's Berlin headquarters. [77] By July 1943, he had gained control of armaments production for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine. [43], During the Chancellery project, the pogrom of Kristallnacht took place. a nemzeti szocialista Nmet Birodalom fptsze, fegyverkezsi minisztere, a haditermels irnytja.. A hbor befejezse utn Nrnbergben egyetlen volt a brsg el lltott szemlyek kzl, aki elismerte felelssgt a msodik vilghbors esemnyekrt, hsz . [152], After his release from Spandau, Speer portrayed himself as the "good Nazi". The idea for this myth came to him after he recalled the panic when car fumes came through an air ventilation system. letters that exist between ernst and the parents which he wrote and "[4] Martin Kitchen's 2015 biography of Speer comes to much the same conclusion. Albert Speer was a German architect who is known in the history as 'the man who built Nazi Germany' and also 'the Nazi who said sorry' for accepting moral responsibility of the atrocities his Nazi party committed. like so many other Germans his By Thomas Rogers 23 May 2017 Men da Moritz Schramm var barn, var det et andet blik, han havde p morfaren. 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